I would say measure after the concave. If I wanted a 3" board I wouldn’t be impressed if it was 2 3/4" after the concave. Shouldn’t be much of a problem on a longboard as it would be rare for the concave to extend through the thickest section of the board. Would need to be considered on a shortboard and allowed for when mowing off the bulk of the foam.
I write the actual thickness on the board. As you said, volume measure is more important anyway. It doesn't make much sense (to me) to write ''what the thickness would be with no concave''.