Water could absorb into the EPS foam and spread before soaking into the veneer. Keep in mind that the inner glass is generally a fairly dry layer - more of an adhesive substrate than a waterproof coating. You can’t see it under the veneer but I’d guess that it’s got more than a few pin holes? That might explain how the water got into the veneer if it didn’t enter directly through the damaged outer glass.
Please check this link and see what Eva Hollman has to say about water in the board and how to get it out…