How Important is Lift in fins

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Howzit Bill,

FCS FG’s? Have you noticed the extra toein those come with?

I’ve owned/tried those and they just dont work for me…I noticed the extra toein after being totally frustrated with the purchase…its like an extra 2-3 degrees which is about double the amount I need. I think the only proper way to make those work is to install the plugs with less toein so that you end up with the right amount of toein on the fin…that curved foil chord is basically a variable toein fin. The fin is very thin too.

I think “F” stands for FUBAR.

Aloha Craftee

I didn’t notice the toe in being different, in fact if anything I thought they were less toed but I will check them out again when I get a chance. On the other hand, my customer (Dave) was installing them in the new board I made him and that board had PRO BOX HAWAII boxes, so maybe there was some difference because of that. When ProBox makes some variable Toe In inserts to go along with their variable Tilts we will have a way to resolve many issues very easily.

I understand your dissatisfaction with too much toe in (depending on how much “too much” is to you) but not everyone feels the same so what is a good fin to one can easily be a bad fin to someone else. Luckily there are a lot choices out there so with a bit of effort any fin angle and tilt can be acheived in existing plugs or boxes. Of course, few are willing to go to the effort and therefore miss out on some cool stuff.

In Reply To	

How important is lift in fins ?

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[=Blue]Aloha Burnsie

Your thread has drifted a bit and I wanted to get back to your original question. The lift from the side fins is super important and is what give Tri Fins the Thrust that made Simon call them THRUSTERS.

http://www.swaylocks.com/forum/gforum.cgi?post=230194;search_string=%20barnfield%20toe%20in;#230194

My comments are in post #25 and #27.

Good luck

Hey Bill,

Wrt, fin lift, are you talkin about fin foil lift as it relates to Bernoulli? If so, on a typical bottom turn where the surfer gets “thrust”, what do you think is the angle of attack (incidence) range acting upon the foil? This matters a great deal wrt foil lift or high pressure hold.

Its a Bernoulli v. Newton argument.

http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/bernnew.html

just so you understand my position, any flat unfoiled object has tremendeous lift capability determined by its surface area and (high) pressures acted upon by the moving fluid medium…in our case high density water has a very high pressure effect on the side of the fin and the redirection of flow (like sails on a sailboat) is the main cause of thrust. IMO, foils offer streamlining, which reduces drag at low AOA and makes fins more efficient. If all one did was to turn very hard from one rail to the other, flat sided, zero foiled fin with rounded leading edges and thinned trailing edges work just fine. I believe Plus One (George) has done testing in this area with good results.

In a nutshell, wrt fins and foils and lift, Bernoulli is grossly overrated, and Newton is grossly underrated. Or put more accurately, its mostly Newtonian on medium-hard railings, and Bernoullian everywhere else.

Until someone publishes a tech paper, backed up with scientific testing, accurately describing all relevant water flow angles acting upon the bottom surface of the board, this is just healthy debate. Your position is just as good as mine. :wink:

Foil lift does matter, we might just disagree to its level of effectiveness.

Cheers

I always found it most convenient to think in terms of momentum, and not Newton-like ot Bernouilli-like.

I bet BB thinks in terms of the gajillion different combos he’s tried over the years and the impact they have on surfboard performance. Ergo, he wins…

I make a thoughtfull contribution to the thread, and you turn it into a contest?

How does Bill win?

What is he doing fin wise that others are not?

Did he invent the modern thruster now?

What has Bill invented in this area? (no offense Bill)

Please…getting back on topic…

Most like to compare fins to airplane wings/foils. I prefer to compare fins to sailboat sails.

Thrust Vectoring.

It works for sailboat sails, the latest state-of-the-art jet fighters, and yes, surfboard fins.

As far as flow vector mapping, am I the only one who has “published” anything useful in this area?

http://www.swaylocks.com/…i?post=157948#157948

Wouldn’t you like to contribute your flow mapping study to this thread?

Regards

ps - Ever walk out of your favorite lumber yard with some plywood in hand on a windy day? Better hang on tight…that plywood sure has a sweet looking foil and its lift characteristics are amazing…and its not even gunmetal grey.

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I make a thoughtfull contribution to the thread, and you turn it into a contest?

How does Bill win?

What is he doing fin wise that others are not?

Did he invent the modern thruster now?

What has Bill invented in this area? (no offense Bill) …

I’ve found that people can arrive at their knowledge about fins in many different ways. Asking someone who has been making fins for decades through the evolution from singles to thrusters whether they prefer to think of lift in terms of contact forces or bernouilli flow lines may not be productive discussion. Someone who has been making fins for decades has arrived at their knowledge in different ways.

For example, I’ve had a few brief conversations about fins with the head dude at Rainbow. I could fax him a fin template, describe a foil, and he will tell me precisely how it will ride. He doesn’t have an engineering degree, and I doubt he even knows what a Bernoulli equation is. But he knows fins.

And being someone with an engineering degree, I find the opinions that have been arrived at in different ways can be tremendously enlightening and valuable, but I don’t seek to force engineering jargon on their inputs…just because I can use big engineering terms doesn’t mean I know a lot about lift! The proof is in the pudding.

no offense intended to anyone!

Bill Barnfield has been working with fins for decades.

He has worked with camber, foil and templates

since the 60’s. When SA showed up in HI with his Thruster, and the Thruster was distinctly different from every other three fin combination tried up to that point, it had problems in the Hawaiian waves. It was Bill who helped dial it in for Hawaiian waves. Very few people had any grasp of the complexity of the concept. His work helped solve the tracking problem. He’s had some pretty good feedback from the guys he shaped for too, both positive and negative. World champs.

He’s also one of the first to understand that improvements in fin designs can only be appreciated when surfers adapt to the faster more maneuverable apparatus.

He is a seasoned veteran of media battles over entrenched myths and misconceptions.

Most currently, now that it is vogue to talk fins finally his views are finding an audience. That is a big step. He’s been sitting on this tech for decades. He has been very patient with us.

Seeing a grinder taken to a fresh pair of FCS should tell everyone a lot! That is the story here.

And being someone with an engineering degree, I find the opinions that have been arrived at in different ways can be tremendously enlightening and valuable, but I don’t seek to force engineering jargon on their inputs…just because I can use big engineering terms doesn’t mean I know a lot about lift!

Thats a very surprising (amazing) comment coming from you dude. If one wants to understand lift as it relates to foil, you gotta understand some basic physics…and anyone can understand some basic physics…even my wife.

As far as eng jargon…maybe Im wrong here but I think “Thrust Vectoring” is fairly intuitive terminology and I cited easy to digest examples of said. After all, its called a THRUSTER isnt it?

There are eng fundamentalists and then there’s practical applicators. I consider myself far more the latter than the former. My test board is “proof in the pudding” to borrow your phrase…a $3 test board yielded so much surprizing information. No fancy calcs, no fancy computer sim, no fancy test tanks…just me and this puny little acrylic sheet out on the intracoastal waterway (works in a pool too,but thats too expensive for me :slight_smile:

Your colleage Mr.Rainbow is also a practical applicator and I bet he knows heaps about lift…as a fin designer/maker it would be not only prudent, but some would argue, necessary.

And, if he doesnt know about lift, what does that say about the importance of fin foil lift on surfboards?

Has Mr.Rainbow bought plywood on a windy day? Bet he has.

No offense taken and hopefully none given.

Cheers

PS - I grew up fronting a beautiful spring/clear water lake. When I was a kid, we used to make a tow system comprised of a rope with a small shoulder wide board attached to it (like a water ski rope). One kid would take the board end into the water and swim out, then the other kids would run/pull the rope and the other kid would hold the board with his hands and “ride” it down under the water…tilting the board (toein) going deep, then back up, then back down again…20 seconds later the ride was over and then next kid would take his turn (man what I would do to be 12 again).

Now as adults, take the hand board, thicken it and foil it. Repeat the ride behind a slow moving boat. The towed rider can get a very good idea whether there’s more lift from the foil, or more lift from tilt.

Until then, the debate rages on…

Surfboard Fins…more like wings,

or more like sails?

Depends on who you ask…:wink:

Fins provide two key functions. Grip when you want them to and flow when you don’t. So, lift is a key component in the grip portion of their function. But, drag or the lack there of has an even bigger impact on how fins and fin combinations perform.

Sure you can get alot of lift out of a flat sided surface with the proper range of angle of attack. But, you’re also going to induce more drag than if you have a cleanly foiled surface. Combining theoretically perfect curves and diminishing the rate of curvature to zero across the foil surfaces we’re making, has shown me that you can really minimize drag while developing very significant amounts of lift. But, you need flow. When you get down to low flow rates, you need either concave (Vector) or flat inside surface area to pump against.

So, some fins that will work insane in fast powerful conditions won’t get you out of the hole when you finish out that S into the foam ball in slower waves. And, some fins that work insane in softer weaker conditions are going to top out due to the drag and turbulence they create at higher flow rates.

The real question is how important is Lift over drag? And, in what flow rate will they be predominantly?

…I think that BB fin theories are right…but too much focused on the powerful Hawaii waves…

…in most countries the average waves arent powerful, so the fins must produce thrust in any specification and that is so difficult to achieve…more than in Hawaii

Well Yes.

But the original question specifically asked whether lift, from assymetrical foiled fins, is the main contributer to hold/suck.

The common argument is that assym foiled fins creates a low pressures on the wave side and thus sucks the fin/board into the face of the wave. I agree but to a very limited extent.

The easiest way to test this theory is to use symmetrically foiled fins in all three fin positions. This is very easy to do…just use three center fins. I’ve done it and the board worked fine. Symm foiled twinfin keels have worked for decades. Tom’s point about lift v drag directly addresses aspects of this particular test. A flat or concave inside foil works best imo.

ps - regarding that foiled tow test board i mentioned earlier…take the board for a car ride and retest there if you dont have a boat…or a ski rope. :wink:

I totally agree the “bernoulli” theory is overplayed - that is the theory that says lift forces are generated on the foiled and not flat side, so the fin generates lift.

Alterations in toe-in, and cant, have bigger impacts than changes from a smoothly double foiled fin to a smoothly single foiled fin. But they all matter.

I typically move my max camber to 20%, I find I get better drive this way on single foiled fins…but when others claim 25-30% is a better all purpose foil I can agree with that too…

All shortboard rail fins create wayyyy too much avoidable drag when you try to go straight…

So, concave on the inside of fins work best in smaller, slower waves?

What is the physical function of the inside concave on side fins? How and why and what for does it work?

What is the actual shape of that concave? Where should it start and end? How deep does it have to be to be functional?

I’m not a big advocate of concave. Halcyon or Future Fins would be a better source for information on concaves. I’m more of an advocate of getting rid of drag. So, my low flow rate fins are slightly convex on the leading inside surface and then filletted into a flat trailing edge surface. That fillet is approx 40% back from the leading edge. It gives you something to push off at low flow rates, cleans up the leading edge turbulence flat side fins have and does not attempt to cup the trailing edge flow back inward like concaves do. Which to me appears to be their big trubulence generator.

So the purpose of the concave inside surface is to pull the flow from the outside, convex side of the fin around the trailing edge? What’s that supposed to do besides generate turbulence?

I always believed that no part of a foil was supposed to be flat. In other words, no straight lines on the outside of a fin. But you’re saying that the flat surface 40% of the way back reduces leading edge turbulence?

Let’s say you start with a bit thicker fin. What do you think a few shallow channels, running from the leading to the trailing edge, parallel to the bottom of the board, on the outside of a foiled fin do? What if they started at the leading edge and faded out as the fin got thinner toward the trailing edge? What if the channels got successively deeper as the fin thickened from tip to base?

Maybe you’d get a thick fin to flex a bit more; flatten out, to some degree, the foiled surface; but at the same time, increase the outside surface area relative to the inside.

Maybe it’s been done already…

"So the purpose of the concave inside surface is to pull the flow from the outside, convex side of the fin around the trailing edge? "

No, the purpose of the concave is similar to cupping your hand as you paddle. It grabs more water at low flow rates.

“What’s that supposed to do besides generate turbulence?”

The resulting counter force pumps the board forward.

“I always believed that no part of a foil was supposed to be flat. In other words, no straight lines on the outside of a fin.”

The flat surface is on the inside trailing 60% of the fin.

"But you’re saying that the flat surface 40% of the way back reduces leading edge turbulence? "

The convex inside foil softens the leading edge.

“Let’s say you start with a bit thicker fin. What do you think a few shallow channels, running from the leading to the trailing edge, parallel to the bottom of the board, on the outside of a foiled fin do? What if they started at the leading edge and faded out as the fin got thinner toward the trailing edge? What if the channels got successively deeper as the fin thickened from tip to base?”

Sorry, I can’t really comment on that design concept other than to say that appears to me that that will increase surface area substantially and add transitions that both could increase drag.

Hey Bill,

Wrt, fin lift, are you talking about fin foil lift as it relates to Bernoulli? If so, on a typical bottom turn where the surfer gets “thrust”, what do you think is the angle of attack (incidence) range acting upon the foil? This matters a great deal wrt foil lift or high pressure hold.

Aloha Craftee

I don’t think the “thrust” I was referring to was limited to bottom turns. Properly placed fins on a tri fin develop “thrust” over a typical single fin, In all positions on the wave. The biggest reason for this is their better “lift” generation over a common single fin.

As to AOA. I remember years ago, like 35+, when sanding some dagger boards for a large Catamaran for Phil Edwards at Hobie, a discussion with him about angles of attack. His view was that most foils couldn’t be made to work beyond 30 degrees AOA and that a typical surfboard often was dealing with AOA up in that range. He felt that even a longboard trimming forward on a wave was experiencing extreme AOA as the water was rushing up the wave near perpendicular to the direction of the boards travel.

Neither agreeing or disagreeing with Phil on this issue, the point I am making is that among knowledgeable board builders, these issues have been analyzed and known for a very, very long time. Surfboard fins are and have been, fairly well understood, among those in the know for a very, very long time. Fins are long evolved and pretty much matured in their current states.

So to answer your question. I think I would agree that the lift generated solely by the angle of the fin is more noticeable then the effects of the quality of the fins foil. You will notice that that is why I referred Burnsie to my previous posts regarding fin angles.

My posting the fin foil photos, was that the work on them just happened to coincide with Burnsie’s question and seemed a good time to add the foil info into the mix also. Neither were meant to upstage the other in importance.

None of this makes the angle more important than the foil or any other aspect of the arrangement of the fins. Each and every part is important in making a good riding board. It is very hard to measure which has more value. The determinations are going to be highly subjective as very few people have the kind of experience needed to make those assessments without prejudice or at least with so little prejudice that their opinions carry measurable value beyond interesting office cooler babble.

Its a Bernoulli v. Newton argument.

http://www.grc.nasa.gov/…irplane/bernnew.html

just so you understand my position, any flat unfoiled object has tremendeous lift capability determined by its surface area and (high) pressures acted upon by the moving fluid medium…in our case high density water has a very high pressure effect on the side of the fin and the redirection of flow (like sails on a sailboat) is the main cause of thrust. IMO, foils offer streamlining, which reduces drag at low AOA and makes fins more efficient. If all one did was to turn very hard from one rail to the other, flat sided, zero foiled fin with rounded leading edges and thinned trailing edges work just fine. I believe Plus One (George) has done testing in this area with good results.

In a nutshell, wrt fins and foils and lift, Bernoulli is grossly overrated, and Newton is grossly underrated. Or put more accurately, its mostly Newtonian on medium-hard railings, and Bernoullian everywhere else.

Until someone publishes a tech paper, backed up with scientific testing, accurately describing all relevant water flow angles acting upon the bottom surface of the board, this is just healthy debate. Your position is just as good as mine. :wink:

We are all capable of opinions. Though I am not sure they are all equal. I enjoy reading everyone’s, no matter how whacky they sometimes are. Entertainment is a good thing!

In the end, the only thing that matters is how it works in the real world and every one’s “real world” experience varies. I am lucky in that my “real world” happens to be the North Shore.

I could pretty much care less if there is a “white paper” on why my boards or fins work. It might be an interesting read and might spur a new idea. But trial and error, in a hands on environment, with great waves, surfers and boards keeps me pretty occupied and is hard to beat in the laboratory or around the water cooler.

Still, I am in touch with guys like Tom at Daum Tooling and his software testing and quest to improve molded fins. I am not a stick in the mud. But depending on how much real world water time one has access to, the white paper approach may be their dominant way to explore designs with.

Foil lift does matter, we might just disagree to its level of effectiveness.

It all matters, I don’t try to measure how much each one does more than another. I will leave that argument up to you and others who might find it entertaining. All details matter because they all effect the whole.

Cheers

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Properly placed fins on a tri fin develop “thrust” over a typical single fin, In all positions on the wave.

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Except when surfing flat on the bottom (when they create drag not ‘thrust’) . . … Another exception is when there is sufficient angle between the rail and the fin on a singlefin (this being the equivalent of tri fin toe in) . . … IMO it’s only singles with relatively parallel rails in the fin area which lack ‘thrust’ when compared with tri finned boards. :slight_smile:

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Properly placed fins on a tri fin develop “thrust” over a typical single fin, In all positions on the wave.

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Except when surfing flat on the bottom (when they create drag not ‘thrust’) . .

Aloha Roy

I disagree.

Don’t get me wrong here, I think Single Fins)are great

Key words in my statement are “PROPERLY PLACED FINS”.

Not counting the early days of tri fins when we were figuring this all out…

I have never had a tri fin that was slower then a single fin on any point of the wave. And I don’t recall any of my team riders ever complaining about it either.

I have heard this same complaint of yours many times over the years, and don’t know who started it, but there are many “old wives tales” in surfing and this is one of the most deeply entrenched and long lasting. Likely from back when someone put the fins on all wrong and some quoteable surfer made some complaint about it.

If it were true, we would be seeing people suddenly slowing down radically, any time their boards position met the criteria of the “old wives tale”. I don’t seen that happening with any regularity even among beginners.

I suppose there may be more drag when going “straight at the bottom” with all fins in the water, but a good tri fin is still extremely fast in that position also. It isn’t like dragging a bucket. I find plenty of thrust even in that position.

Another exception is when there is sufficient angle between the rail and the fin on a singlefin (this being the equivalent of tri fin toe in) . . … IMO it’s only singles with relatively parallel rails in the fin area which lack ‘thrust’ when compared with tri finned boards. :slight_smile:

Roy, as beautiful as your boards are… they are so different than what I make for single fins I am at a bit of a loss for words. I have checked out your web site but didn’t see any waves or your boards being used in the kind of waves that I deal with regularily, so I don’t think I can fairly comment on these single fin experiences you have had.

Keep at it though your stuff is very entertaining and fun to check out. You and your work are totally unique among board builders here on Swaylocks

Hello Bill, It is a simple hydrodynamic fact that surfboards with side fins create more drag when surfing on their bottoms than boards with fins aligned exactly fore and aft. . . . . . if they have toe in and as toe in increases. . . . . it is not something which can be disputed with any success. It is NOT an old wives tale, it is a hydrodynamic fact which can be demonstrated.

It is a hydrodynamic fact which is also responsible for Blakestah’s rotating sidefins. . . fins which reduce drag when the board is surfing in a straight line because they align themselves fore and aft in that situation

:slight_smile:

PS It is rather like cars with spoilers which create downlift. . . . . they definitely reduce the straight line speedv of the car, but that’s not to say that the cars don’t win races. . . . they have the turns to negotiate also !

:slight_smile: